Chapter 534 Mass Production of Penicillin
After obtaining 200 tons of gold reserves from Nicholas II, Arthur was still in a very good mood.
Although this gold theoretically belongs to the Russian government and will only belong to Australasia if Russia cannot repay the loan within ten years, this does not affect Arthur's mood at all.
After all, the loan has been picked up by an Australasian transport ship and is to be stored in Australasia.
Can Russia really repay AU$60 million within ten years? This question deserves further study and has various possibilities.
But if the discussion is combined with the actual situation in Russia, there is actually only one answer, and that is basically impossible.
Unless the Russian Civil War can be ended immediately, and the Russians stop being evil and immediately enter a ten-year period of recuperation and recuperation, they may be able to easily repay the 60 million Australian dollar loan in ten years.
But the problem is that these two elements are basically impossible to achieve, and Europe is not willing to see the Russian civil war end so soon. After all, many countries have not yet had enough of eating meat.
Whose meat do you eat? That is of course Russia.
Russia's total expenditure in this war has exceeded 2 billion pounds, more than half of which was the cost of purchasing supplies from other countries.
This also gave many European countries a taste of the sweetness. During the period when the economies of various countries were in recession, Russian orders were like life-saving straws, saving the economies of some European countries and preventing the collapse of the economies of these countries at least not so quickly.
Because of this, the end of the Russian Civil War is something that almost all European countries are unwilling to see. Under such circumstances, it is simply impossible to end the Russian Civil War on its own, except for the support of all Russian people. accomplish.
Did Nicholas II have such prestige? Maybe it was before all the incidents happened, but since Nicholas II ordered the force to expel the demonstrators, many people have completely lost confidence in Nicholas II, and the Russians' worship of the Tsar has also gradually reduce.
Russia cannot end this civil war as soon as possible, and its hope of paying off this loan within ten years is very slim.
This actually means that this gold has almost become a reserve in Australasia, and there is a high probability that it will not leave Australasia.
With this gold, the Royal Bank can print more Australian dollars, creating a value far higher than 60 million Australian dollars, which is why Arthur is willing to mortgage more Australian dollars.
After all, the Australian dollar was printed by Arthur. As long as he had enough gold reserves, how many Australian dollars he wanted to print was just a matter of Arthur's words.
After spending a few days in a happy mood, Arthur received better news, that is, the penicillin mentioned before had found a way to mass-produce it.
The importance of penicillin has been mentioned, and the mass production of penicillin is also the most important event of the Australasian Pharmaceutical Group at present.
Due to previous delays due to influenza, the pharmaceutical group focused on the production of masks and disinfectants, as well as research on that influenza, and the mass production of penicillin has slowed down.
After the influenza truly disappeared, the pharmaceutical group did not dare to delay any further and started research on mass production of penicillin again, and soon achieved results.
Of course, strictly speaking, the research on mass production of penicillin took more than five years, and the results were not achieved quickly.
From the discovery of penicillin to the realization of mass production, this cannot be completed in one step.
The penicillin discovered in the laboratory was the result of a coincidence. How to reproduce this coincidence and use techniques to effectively achieve mass production of penicillin has been a key topic for pharmaceutical groups, especially biological research laboratories, during this period.
Fortunately, both Fleming, who discovered penicillin, and his mentor Wright, both have very good abilities in the fields of medicine and biological research, and have enough patience.
Speaking of the name penicillin, some people may be unfamiliar with it. But penicillin, also called penicillin, is a relatively commonly used antibacterial drug and a relatively common antibiotic.
It can effectively treat various wound infections and is a life-saving medicine for soldiers who have suffered various gunshot wounds and trauma during war.
It is a pity that penicillin was not discovered during World War I. Otherwise, at least hundreds of thousands or even millions of soldiers and families could have been saved.
After receiving the news that penicillin could be mass-produced, Arthur did not hesitate and immediately rushed to the pharmaceutical group's biological laboratory outside Sydney.
It was still the same as it was five years ago. Fleming and Wright, the principal and deputy heads of the Biological Research Laboratory, were concentrating on their own research, and Arthur had no intention of disturbing them.
About half an hour later, the two of them spotted Arthur with their peripheral vision. They quickly stood up and saluted respectfully: "Your Majesty!" "No need to be polite,
two experts. I heard that the mass production of penicillin has been Has it been realized? When can we enter the formal production process?" Arthur walked forward with a smile, indicating that the two of them did not need to be polite, and asked with a smile on his face.
"Your Majesty, a preliminary mass production method has been achieved. According to the current construction progress, the first pharmaceutical factory for mass production of penicillin can be established and officially put into production in two months, starting our journey of mass production of penicillin. First of all," Wright replied with a smile.
Mass production of penicillin is the hard work of everyone here, and it has also been the pursuit and dream of the biological research laboratory for so many years.
Since the discovery of penicillin five years ago, Fleming and Wright had launched a comprehensive study of penicillin, which Arthur attached great importance to.
The initial penicillin only dissolved and inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, but its real effect on the human body has not been verified.
In order to fully test this new item, Fleming and Wright first conducted research on mice, injecting a lethal dose of streptococci into the mice, and selected a few animals to be treated with penicillin alone.
In the end, the mice treated with penicillin were still alive and well, while the other mice all died within a few hours.
This experimental result also proves that penicillin has a good therapeutic effect on Streptococcus.
In order to increase their conjecture, Fleming and Wright conducted many clinical experiments in the next few years. The subjects of the experiments were not limited to mice, but also included monkeys and various animals.
Finally, after two years of research, Fleming made the bold decision to use penicillin on humans to further explore its therapeutic effects on humans.
In this era, once a person is infected due to trauma, the fatality rate is very high, even close to 100%.
This also allowed Fleming to quickly find an infected person who was willing to conduct experiments, and with the permission of the government, he conducted clinical experiments on humans.
The final result is exciting, because the penicillane contained in penicillin can hinder the synthesis of bacterial cells, causing the bacteria to dissolve and die. However, human and animal cells do not have cell walls, so penicillin will not affect humans and animals. This is the real reason why penicillin can kill germs without damaging human cells.
After fully exploring the effects of penicillin, Fleming and Wright did not hesitate and immediately entered into the mass production of penicillin.
In order to achieve this goal, with the help of the Australasian government, Fleming collected soil from various countries around the world and isolated bacterial strains, increasing the production of penicillin from 2 units per cubic centimeter to about 20 units.
Under Arthur's instruction, Fleming accidentally discovered a mold on a melon that could be used to extract large amounts of penicillin, and prepared a corresponding culture solution using corn flour to increase the yield of penicillin from 20 units per cubic centimeter to 20 units per cubic centimeter. It has been increased to about 50 units.
With these results, mass production of penicillin has become a reality. The biological laboratory immediately started research, and soon after, now, mass production of penicillin was realized.
The pharmaceutical group to which the Biological Research Laboratory belongs immediately started building the environment for penicillin production. As long as the relevant facilities are in place, the pharmaceutical factory named the Seventh Pharmaceutical Factory, which is responsible for the production of penicillin, can start mass production of penicillin.
"After the pharmaceutical factory is built, will the production speed of penicillin be able to meet our needs?" Arthur asked the most critical question.
"No problem at all, Your Majesty. According to our estimated production speed, it will only take one year after the pharmaceutical factory is completed to meet Australia's needs. Within five years, it can meet the needs of World War I." Lai Te nodded quite proudly and said with confidence.
After finding a mass production method for penicillin, it is not difficult to achieve large-scale production.
Hearing what Wright said, Arthur nodded with satisfaction and said happily: "Thank you for your hard work during this period. You have made significant contributions to the development of Australasia, and the country will not forget you." for your contribution."
As he spoke, Arthur motioned to the guards to take out the rewards that had been prepared and distribute them directly to all researchers and employees in the biological laboratory.
Among them, Fleming and Wright were the ones with the greatest credit. Each received a check of 10,000 Australian dollars, while others received checks ranging from thousands to hundreds of Australian dollars. The specific amount depends on the time when these people joined the biological laboratory, and In terms of contributions to the biological laboratory.
But no matter who it is, as long as they get the banknotes, their faces will be smiling.
After all, this is real money. Whether it is a few hundred Australian dollars or ten thousand Australian dollars, it is a large amount of money for these researchers, and they will naturally be happy when they get the money.
Arthur did not feel distressed at all about the 10,000 Australian dollars awarded to Fleming and Wright, and even felt that the reward was less.
After all, the income that penicillin can bring to Arthur is far more than 20,000 Australian dollars, and will at least be multiplied by tens of thousands, or even millions or tens of millions of times.
You must know that even in later generations, penicillin will be a very important antibiotic. The annual production volume is even more terrifying, and the huge market is enough to create greater profits.
Compared with these profits, these 20,000 Australian dollars are nothing to mention. If it weren't for the extremely delicious reward that followed, Arthur would even feel that he was being too stingy.
While everyone was still smiling and celebrating, Arthur did not sell anything and continued: "For the significant contributions of Mr. Fleming and Mr. Wright in the research of penicillin, I have decided to grant the title of baronet to Mr. Fleming and the title of baronet to Mr. Wright. Sir, the knighthood, and everyone else will also be rewarded according to their merit. Everyone, have a great time! You are the heroes of the country, you are the heroes of the people!" After getting the answer he wanted, Arthur was in the biological
laboratory He didn't stay long and only ordered his subordinates to organize a large banquet at a Sydney hotel to celebrate the discovery of penicillin and its large-scale production.
Of course, before the banquet, Fleming and Wright would also ask these researchers to ensure that they would not reveal the truth while drunk and leak the penicillin in Australasia in advance.
Fortunately, this banquet must have strict identity restrictions, which also ensured that news of penicillin would not spread abroad.
Although the relevant extraction methods and production methods are destined to be unreliable, they can still create a large amount of income for Australasia before they are leaked. This money should not be wasted.
After returning to the palace, Arthur officially signed the document conferring knighthoods to Fleming, Wright and others, which also symbolized that Australasia once again had several nobles.
In fact, the research on penicillin was not limited to the contributions of Fleming and Wright. According to the investigation results of the intelligence department and the situation reported by Fleming, because of penicillin, a total of five people were awarded knighthoods this time, one baron and four knights.
In the biology laboratory, in addition to Fleming and Wright, the name of another knight-errant also came to Arthur's sight.
This is a young man, but a true Australasian.
Howard Walter Florey was born in Adelaide on September 24, 1898. He entered the School of Medicine at the National University of Australasia in 1916 and successfully entered the biological research laboratory of a pharmaceutical group after graduation.
Perhaps because of the same youth (Fleming was 39 years old), Fleming was very interested in this kid who showed talent just after entering the biological laboratory, and trained him as his deputy.
Throughout the discovery and research of penicillin, Florey showed extraordinary talent. His creative thinking provided Fleming with many ideas and was the reason why he received a knighthood at a young age.
Of course, the famous Flory was also very famous in his original history.
As luck would have it, this was the man who was working hard on penicillin research, and it was he who succeeded in increasing the production of penicillin to an exaggerated figure.
Because of this, Florey and Fleming won the historical Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together, and were awarded a baronetcy in the British Empire by the famous Queen Elizabeth.
Although the current development is different from that in history, Florey still struggled in the research of penicillin, and still worked with Fleming to discover and realize the large-scale production of penicillin.
For such a biological talent born and raised in Australasia, Arthur has only one attitude, and that is to focus on training.
You know, although there are already many talents in Australasia, there are actually not many talents who are truly born and trained locally.
Flory is an example that can better encourage the Australasian government to cultivate local talents, and can better encourage Australasians to choose universities and training environments in their own countries.
The second update of 4200 words, please vote for me and support!
Today, the daily number is 10,000, and it has been updated to 7200/10000. Please vote for me and support me!
(End of chapter)